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Joints and Planes of Motion
Main Joint
Bones
Plane
Motion
Muscles
Orgin/insertion
Hip (trunk fixed, leg free to move)
Innominate (ilium, ischium, pubis) & femur
Parasagittal
Flexion
Rectus femoris
AIIS /patella
Parasagittal
Extension
Biceps femoris
Gluteus maximus
Ischium/fibula
Ilium,sacrum, coccyx/ femur
Frontal
Abduction
G. maximus
G. medius
G. minimus
Ilium,sacrum, coccyx/ femur
Ilium/femur
Ilium/ femur
Frontal
Adduction
G. maximus
G. medius
G. minimus
Ilium,sacrum, coccyx/ femur
Ilium/femur
Ilium/ femur
Parasagittal
Lateral Rotaion
Biceps femoris
Gluteus maximus
Sartoius
Ischium/fibula
Ilium,sacrum, coccyx/ femur
Iliac/tibia
Parasagittal
Medial Rotation
Semitendinosis
Semimembranosis
G. minimus
Ischium/Tibia
Ischium/Tibia
Ilium femur
Triaxial
Circumduction
All in medial/lateral rotation
All in medial/lateral rotation
Frontal
Pelvic Drop
Adductor Magnus
G. maximus
Pubis/femur
Ilium/sacrum/coccyx – femur
Sagittal
Pelvic Tilt
Rectus femoris
Biceps femoris
Gluteus maximus
AIIS/patella
Ischium/fibula
Ilium/sacrum/coccyx – femur
Hip Continued…
…
Horizontal
Pelvic Swing
Biceps femoris
Gluteus maximus
Sartoius
Semitendinosis
Semimembranosis
G. minimus
Ischium/fibula
Ilium,sacrum, coccyx/ femur
Iliac/tibia
Ischium/Tibia
Ischium/Tibia
Ilium femur
Knee
Patella, femur, tibia, fibula
Parasagittal
Flexion
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosis
Semimembranous
Ischium/fibula
Ischium/Tibia
Ischium/Tibia
Parasagittal
Extension
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Illiac/tibial tuberosity
Femur/tibia
Femur/tibia
Parasagittal
Medial Rotation
Semitendinosis
Semimembranous
Gracilis
Ischium/Tibia
Ischium/Tibia
Pubis/tibia
Parasagittal
Lateral Rotation
Biceps femoris
Ischium/fibula
Ankle
Tibia, fibula, calcaneus, talus
Frontal
Inversion
Tibalis Anterior
Tibialis Posterior
Tibia/cuneiform, first metatarsal
Tibia, fibula/navicular
Frontal
Eversion
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Fibula/ cuneiform, first metatarsal
Fibula/5th metatarsal.
Ankle Cont’d…
Parasagittal
Plantar flexion
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis Posterior
Femur/calcaneus
Tibia, fibula/calcaneus
Tibia, fibula/navicular
Dorsiflexion
Tibialis Posterior
Tibia, fibula/navicular
Shoulder
Scapula, Clavicle, acromion, humerus, sternum
Parasagittal
Flexion
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Biceps brachii
Clavicle, acromion/humerus
Clavicle, sternum, ribs/humerus
Scapula/radius
Parasagittal
Extension
Deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Clavicle, acromion/humerus
Spine/humerus
Scapula/humerus
Horizontal
Abduction (horizontal)
Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Clavicle, acromion/humerus
Scapula/humerus
Scapula/humerus
Horizontal
Adduction
(horizontal)
Deltoid
Pectoralis Major
Clavicle, acromion/humerus
Frontal
Abduction
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Clavicle, acromion/humerus
Frontal
Adduction
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Infraspinatus
Spine/humerus
Scapula/humerus
Scapula/humerus
Shoulder Cont’d…
….
Horizontal
Lateral Rotation
Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Clavicle, acromion/humerus
Scapula/humerus
scapula/
Horizontal
Medial Rotation
Deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Clavicle, acromion/humerus
Spine/humerus
Scapula/humerus
Elbow
Scapula, radius, ulna, humerus
Parasagittal
Flexion
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Scapula/radius
Humerus/ulna
Parasagittal
Extension
Triceps brachii
Anconeus
Scapula, humerus/ulna
Humerus/ulna
Spine
Vertebrae
Sagittal
Flexion
Rectus Abdominus
External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Pubis/5-7 ribs
Lower 8 ribs/Ilium
Ilium/Lower 3 ribs
Sagittal
Extension
Spinalis
Long Issimus
Iliocostalis
T1-T12/upper thoracic, lower cervical, C2-T5
Common tendon/Ribs, Cervical vertebrae, temporalis
Common tendon, ribs/ L1-3,ribs, lower cervical vertabrae
Shoulder Cont’d…
Frontal
Lateral Flexion
Spinalis
Longissimus
Iliocostalis
T1-T12/upper thoracic, lower cervical, C2-T5
Common tendon/Ribs, Cervical vertebrae, temporalis
Common tendon, ribs/L1-3, ribs, lower cervicals
Horizontal
Rotation
Mulitfidi
Rotatores
External Oblique
L-C vertebrae/L-C2
L-C vertebrae/L-C vertebrae
Lower 8 ribs/Ilium
Extra Joints
1st MTP
Metatarsal phalange of the hallux
Parasagittal
Flexion
Flexor hallucis longus
Abductor hallucis
Fibula/hallux
Calcaneus/hallux
Parasagittal
Extension
Extensor hallucis brevis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Calcaneus /hallux
Cuboidal, cuneiform/hallux
2-4 metatarsals/
Hallux
MCP
Metacarpals, phalanx
Horizontal
Flexion
Extensor digitorum
Lumbricals
Humerus/2-5 MC
MCP Cont’d…
Horizontal
Extension
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Humerus, ulna, radius/2-5 phalanges
Ulna/2-5 phalanges
Wrist
Radius, ulna, carpals
Parasagittal
Flexion
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Humerus/2+3 MC
Humerus, ulna/pisiform
Humerus/flexor retinaculum aponeurosis
Parasagittal
Extension
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Humerus/2 MC
Humerus/3 MC
Humerus/5 MC
Frontal
Abduction
Extensor carpi radialus longus
Extensor carpi radialus brevis
Flexor carpi radialis
Humerus/2 MC
Humerus/3 MC
Humerus/5 MC
Frontal
Adduction
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Humerus/5 MC
Humerus/5 MC
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